Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-8 (of 8 Records) |
Query Trace: Petersen Brett W[original query] |
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A primer on Monkeypox virus for obstetriciangynecologists: Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment
Meaney-Delman Dana M , Galang Romeo R , Petersen Brett W , Jamieson Denise J . Obstet Gynecol 2022 140 (3) 391-397 Since May 2022, more than 6,900 cases of monkeypox virus infection have been reported in 52 countries. The World Health Organization is planning to rename the virus and its clades to reduce stigma. As of July 5, 2022, 556 cases have been reported in 33 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. The initial cases were travel-associated; however, person-to-person transmission is now occurring domestically. Close, sustained skin-to-skin contact, including during sexual activity, appears to be the primary mode of transmission. The risk of widespread community transmission remains low; however, rapid identification of monkeypox virus infection and isolation of affected individuals is critical to prevent further transmission. Most but not all cases have occurred in males; some infections have started with anogenital lesions and can be mistaken for common sexually transmitted infections. To facilitate rapid, accurate diagnosis of monkeypox virus infection, obstetrician-gynecologists (ob-gyns) in the United States should ask about recent travel history and new ulcers or lesions and perform a thorough visual inspection of skin and mucosal sites (oral, genital, perianal area) in patients presenting with new rash. Obstetrician-gynecologists should become familiar with the appearance of monkeypox lesions and know whom to call to report a suspected case, how and when to test for monkeypox virus, and how to counsel patients. In the event of a suspected case, ob-gyns should follow infection-control guidelines to prevent transmission and make recommendations to prevent further community spread. This article outlines the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of monkeypox virus infection, monkeypox virus infection during pregnancy, and implications for practicing ob-gyns in the United States. |
Human monkeypox - After 40 years, an unintended consequence of smallpox eradication.
Simpson K , Heymann D , Brown CS , Edmunds WJ , Elsgaard J , Fine P , Hochrein H , Hoff NA , Green A , Ihekweazu C , Jones TC , Lule S , Maclennan J , McCollum A , Muhlemann B , Nightingale E , Ogoina D , Ogunleye A , Petersen B , Powell J , Quantick O , Rimoin AW , Ulaeato D , Wapling A . Vaccine 2020 38 (33) 5077-5081 Smallpox eradication, coordinated by the WHO and certified 40 years ago, led to the cessation of routine smallpox vaccination in most countries. It is estimated that over 70% of the world's population is no longer protected against smallpox, and through cross-immunity, to closely related orthopox viruses such as monkeypox. Monkeypox is now a re-emerging disease. Monkeypox is endemic in as yet unconfirmed animal reservoirs in sub-Saharan Africa, while its human epidemiology appears to be changing. Monkeypox in small animals imported from Ghana as exotic pets was at the origin of an outbreak of human monkeypox in the USA in 2003. Travellers infected in Nigeria were at the origin of monkeypox cases in the UK in 2018 and 2019, Israel in 2018 and Singapore in2019. Together with sporadic reports of human infections with other orthopox viruses, these facts invite speculation that emergent or re-emergent human monkeypox might fill the epidemiological niche vacated by smallpox. An ad-hoc and unofficial group of interested experts met to consider these issues at Chatham House, London in June 2019, in order to review available data and identify monkeypox-related research gaps. Gaps identified by the experts included:The experts further agreed on the need for a better understanding of the genomic evolution and changing epidemiology of orthopox viruses, the usefulness of in-field genomic diagnostics, and the best disease control strategies, including the possibility of vaccination with new generation non-replicating smallpox vaccines and treatment with recently developed antivirals. |
Using the LN34 Pan-Lyssavirus Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for Rabies Diagnosis and Rapid Genetic Typing from Formalin-Fixed Human Brain Tissue.
Condori RE , Niezgoda M , Lopez G , Matos CA , Mateo ED , Gigante C , Hartloge C , Filpo AP , Haim J , Satheshkumar PS , Petersen B , Wallace R , Olson V , Li Y . Viruses 2020 12 (1) Human rabies post mortem diagnostic samples are often preserved in formalin. While immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been routinely used for rabies antigen detection in formalin-fixed tissue, the formalin fixation process causes nucleic acid fragmentation that may affect PCR amplification. This study reports the diagnosis of rabies in an individual from the Dominican Republic using both IHC and the LN34 pan-lyssavirus real-time RT-PCR assay on formalin-fixed brain tissue. The LN34 assay generates a 165 bp amplicon and demonstrated higher sensitivity than traditional PCR. Multiple efforts to amplify nucleic acid fragments larger than 300 bp using conventional PCR were unsuccessful, probably due to RNA fragmentation. Sequences generated from the LN34 amplicon linked the case to the rabies virus (RABV) strain circulating in the Ouest Department of Haiti to the border region between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Direct sequencing of the LN34 amplicon allowed rapid and low-cost rabies genetic typing. |
Detection and Molecular Characterization of Zoonotic Poxviruses Circulating in the Amazon Region of Colombia, 2014.
Usme-Ciro JA , Paredes A , Walteros DM , Tolosa-Perez EN , Laiton-Donato K , Pinzon MD , Petersen BW , Gallardo-Romero NF , Li Y , Wilkins K , Davidson W , Gao J , Patel N , Nakazawa Y , Reynolds MG , Satheshkumar PS , Emerson GL , Paez-Martinez A . Emerg Infect Dis 2017 23 (4) 649-653 During 2014, cutaneous lesions were reported in dairy cattle and farmworkers in the Amazon Region of western Colombia. Samples from 6 patients were analyzed by serologic and PCR testing, and results demonstrated the presence of vaccinia virus and pseudocowpox virus. These findings highlight the need for increased poxvirus surveillance in Colombia. |
Unique Presentation of Orf Virus Infection in a Thermal Burn Patient After Receiving an Autologous Skin Graft.
Hsu CH , Rokni GR , Aghazadeh N , Brinster N , Li Y , Muehlenbachs A , Goldsmith CS , Zhao H , Petersen B , McCollum AM , Reynolds MG . J Infect Dis 2016 214 (8) 1171-4 We present a report of a burn patient who developed skin lesions on her skin-graft harvest and skin-graft recipient (burn) sites. Orf virus infection was confirmed by a combination of diagnostic assays, including molecular tests, immunohistochemistry, pathology and electron microscopy. DNA sequence analysis grouped this orf virus isolate among isolates from India. Though no definitive source of infection was determined from this case, this is the first reported case of orf virus infection in a skin graft harvest. Skin graft patients with exposures to animals may be at risk for this viral infection. |
Post-Marketing Surveillance of Human Rabies Diploid Cell Vaccine (Imovax) in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) in the United States, 1990‒2015.
Moro PL , Woo EJ , Paul W , Lewis P , Petersen BW , Cano M . PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016 10 (7) e0004846 BACKGROUND: In 1980, human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV, Imovax Rabies, Sanofi Pasteur), was licensed for use in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To assess adverse events (AEs) after HDCV reported to the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a spontaneous reporting surveillance system. METHODS: We searched VAERS for US reports after HDCV among persons vaccinated from January 1, 1990-July 31, 2015. Medical records were requested for reports classified as serious (death, hospitalization, prolonged hospitalization, disability, life-threatening-illness), and those suggesting anaphylaxis and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Physicians reviewed available information and assigned a primary clinical category to each report using MedDRA system organ classes. Empirical Bayesian (EB) data mining was used to identify disproportional AE reporting after HDCV. RESULTS: VAERS received 1,611 reports after HDCV; 93 (5.8%) were serious. Among all reports, the three most common AEs included pyrexia (18.2%), headache (17.9%), and nausea (16.5%). Among serious reports, four deaths appeared to be unrelated to vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: This 25-year review of VAERS did not identify new or unexpected AEs after HDCV. The vast majority of AEs were non-serious. Injection site reactions, hypersensitivity reactions, and non-specific constitutional symptoms were most frequently reported, similar to findings in pre-licensure studies. |
Human Rabies - Missouri, 2014.
Pratt PD , Henschel K , Turabelidze G , Grim A , Ellison JA , Orciari L , Yager P , Franka R , Wu X , Ma X , Wadhwa A , Smith TG , Petersen B , Shiferaw M . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016 65 (10) 253-256 On September 18, 2014, the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (MDHSS) was notified of a suspected rabies case in a Missouri resident. The patient, a man aged 52 years, lived in a rural, deeply wooded area, and bat sightings in and around his home were anecdotally reported. Exposure to bats poses a risk for rabies. After two emergency department visits for severe neck pain, paresthesia in the left arm, upper body tremors, and anxiety, he was hospitalized on September 13 for encephalitis of unknown etiology. On September 24, he received a diagnosis of rabies and on September 26, he died. Genetic sequencing tests confirmed infection with a rabies virus variant associated with tricolored bats. Health care providers need to maintain a high index of clinical suspicion for rabies in patients who have unexplained, rapidly progressive encephalitis, and adhere to recommended infection control practices when examining and treating patients with suspected infectious diseases. |
Ischemic cardiac events and other adverse events following ACAM2000(®) smallpox vaccine in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.
McNeil MM , Cano M , Miller E , Petersen BW , Engler RJ , Bryant-Genevier MG . Vaccine 2014 32 (37) 4758-65 BACKGROUND: The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a passive reporting system, used for monitoring the safety of all US licensed vaccines. In March 2008, ACAM2000(R) replaced Dryvax(R) as the only licensed smallpox vaccine and is administered to all persons entering military service and certain civilian researchers. In 2011, routine data mining of VAERS identified a vaccine safety concern resulting in acute ischemic cardiac events (ICE) following ACAM2000(R). METHODS: During March 1, 2008 through June 30, 2013, we reviewed all serious reports received following ACAM2000(R)and classified them by diagnostic category. We identified possible ICE cases by searching the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Affairs (MedDRA) terms for "myocardial ischaemia," "acute myocardial infarction," "myocardial infarction," and "ischaemia," and applied standardized surveillance case definitions. RESULTS: VAERS received 1149 reports following ACAM2000(R) administration; 169 (14.7%) were serious (resulting in permanent disability, hospitalization, life-threatening illnesses or death), including one death. The two most frequent diagnostic categories for serious reports were cardiovascular and other infectious conditions. The MedDRA search found 31 reports of possible ICE after receipt of ACAM2000(R) vaccine. Of a total 30 possible ICE cases with demographic information, all but one was male; the age range was 20-45 years (median 32) and median interval to onset of symptoms was 12 days. On clinical review there were 16 cases of myocarditis/pericarditis and 15 ICE cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our review of the data mining signal did not substantiate the concerns about ICE after ACAM2000(R). Our study also suggests that with current pre-vaccination screening, cardiac morbidity in generally healthy vaccinated populations remains uncommon. |
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